Yes, other people are developing cancer from smoking, but that won’t happen to you! And divorce? Not a chance. Two everyday examples of this bias are smoking and divorce. It’s also very common to underestimate the chances that something bad will happen. Optimism bias is when you overestimate the chances of something good happening. If the politician gets caught up in an awful scandal, you may say they’re a good person solely based on their charisma. This initial positive first impression can make it tricky to accept opposing information.įor example, a charismatic politician appears on TV, and you think they’re an excellent candidate because of your positive first impression. When we meet a physically attractive or charming person, we’re more likely to think they’re a good person with other positive traits. Halo effectįirst impressions matter, and the halo effect confirms that. But the first fail was totally the examiner’s fault-they tripped you up! It definitely wasn’t because you ran a red light. You pass the second time, thanks to your fantastic driving. Let’s imagine you’re taking your driving test. You fall into the self-serving bias trap when you blame outside influences for problems but take credit for your successes. One source puts the risk of an accident at 0.000414% per departure. While we see plenty of crashes in the news, we don’t hear about the 100,000 successful flights every day. It’s a bias toward what’s most readily available in your mind.Īn example is thinking that plane crashes are common, leading many people to fear flying. The availability heuristic means you tend to estimate probability by how many examples you can think of. Ignoring facts that don’t align with your views-”fake news” may ring a bell Only 'liking' or 'following' those with the same views on social mediaĬhoosing news outlets that support your mindset This is where the echo chamber reinforces your views and closes your mind to other perspectives. If you mostly listen to information that confirms your beliefs, that’s confirmation bias. It may also discourage the patient from seeking medical help in the future. This bias could cause them to overlook the real issue, which can also be dangerous. If the patient is overweight, the doctor may immediately judge them based on this and blame their symptoms on needing to lose weight. Unfortunately for you, it’s not.Īnother example is a doctor’s first impression of a new patient. Have you argued with older generations about the housing market and the impossibility of buying a home nowadays, but they’re adamant it’s a piece of cake? They may be dealing with anchoring bias, believing their experience is the same as yours. It gets in the way of decisions, and even your mood can influence it.Įxamples of anchoring bias can be found everywhere, from families to medicine. Anchoring biasĮver felt too attached to the first piece of information you read on a topic? If you’re unwavering in your views even in the face of fresh data, that’s anchoring bias. Some examples of the actor-observer bias include saying you failed a test because there were trick questions, but others failed because they’re incompetent. It’s a difference in how we see ourselves and others. The actor-observer bias is when you blame outside forces for your actions while holding other people responsible for their actions. While there are many types of cognitive bias, here are a few common examples: Actor-observer bias
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